Wfnbased water footprint is informative to improve strategies and engagements in national and regional virtual water flow and trade. This manual presents a scientifically rigorous method to help companies understand their dependency and impact on global water resources, and offers guidance on response strategies that conserve water for industry, communities, and nature. The water assessment manual setting the global standard. Chinas provincial grey water footprint characteristic and. This new edition has been produced after intensive consultations with partners and researchers worldwide. Pdf the water footprint assessment manual researchgate. Water, energy, and climate environmental metrics page 6 of 10 water footprint the water footprint was determined based on the approach presented in hoekstra et al. The water footprint of an individual, community or business is defined as the total volume of fresh water used to produce the goods and services consumed by the individual or community or produced by the business. Water footprint of the banana industry world banana.
Mekonnen earthscan, london, 2011 the book sets the global standard for the calculation of water footprints of products, companies, consumers and nations. The manual presents a scientifically rigorous method to help companies understand their dependency and impact on global water resources, and offers. Water is essential for thermal energy and electricity generation. Water footprint assessment manual water footprint network. If it didnt, it usually means flash player is not installed in your browser. Hoekstra professor in water management university of twente the netherlands scientific director water footprint network. Water footprint calculations start with the lifecycle of the steercow, with primeasia taking responsibility for 5% of the steercows lifecycle water consumption in accordance with the water footprint assessment manual. May 29, 2012 according to ridoutt and huang 1, environmental relevance must be taken into consideration if water footprints are to inform wise decision making and policy development. One of the initiatives, which we have selected for our project, is that developed by the water footprint network wfn in their guide water footprint assessment manual 2011. It shows how water footprints are calculated for individual processes and products, as well as for consumers, nations and businesses. Other nuts grown in california, walnuts and pistachios, ranked similar to almonds. It shows how water footprints can be calculated for individual processes and products, as well as for consumers, nations and. Primeasias water footprint ends at the door of their customers factories.
In addition, the influences of soil types, crop management, size of coffee farm and cocultivation of fruits on cfp of coffee product were examined. This is a relatively recent manual, which one could say is still in a probationary stage. The water footprint assessment manual is an extremely valuable tool and standard methodology that we hope will be widely adopted by governments, nonprofits, corporations, and watershed managers to ensure the sustainability of producing various goods and services in various locations and to accurately report water use and management information across product supply chains and in watersheds. The methodology includes the estimation of the blue water stress index per month at the river basin level. The most elaborate publications on how to estimate water footprints are a 2004 report on the water footprint of nations from unescoihe, the 2008 book globalization of water, and the 2011 manual the water footprint assessment manual. It covers a comprehensive set of methods for water footprint accounting. The water footprint assessment tool should have filled up this empty white space. The water footprint assessment manual is an extremely valuable tool and standard methodology that we hope will be widely adopted by governments, nonprofits, corporations, and watershed managers to ensure the sustainability of producing various goods and services in various locations and to accurately report water use and management information.
The water footprint concept and waters grand environmental. Ultimately, water scarcity depends on blue water use. In the banana industry, water management practices have significantly reduced its water footprint, defined as the measure of the consumption and contamination of freshwater resources for the production of a good or service 3. Water footprint of agricultural products springerlink. This primer describes the basics of the water footprint concept, how it works, and why it came about.
Mar 20, 2020 this primer describes the basics of the water footprint concept, how it works, and why it came about. Energy use, blue water footprint, and greenhouse gas. Mar 1, 2011 the water footprint assessment manual setting. The water footprint assessment manual join for water. This study finds that shifting from the current us diet to dietary scenario 1 decreases energy use, blue water footprint, and ghg emissions by around 9 %, while shifting to dietary scenario 2 increases energy use by 43 %, blue water footprint by 16 %, and ghg emissions by 11 %.
Agricultural production accounts for most of global water use, but drinking, manufacturing, cooking, recreation, washing, cleaning, landscaping, cooling, and processing all contribute to water use hoekstra et al. We can provide you with a water footprint verification of your products in accordance with the water footprint assessment manual 2011, including. Carbon and water footprint of robusta coffee through its. The water footprint assessment tool should have filled up. Water use is measured in water volume consumed evaporated andor polluted per unit of time. Complementarities of water focused life cycle assessment and water footprint assessment annemarie boulay, arjen y. The manual contains a complete, consistent and uptodate overview of the method of water footprint assessment. A global assessment of the water footprint of farm animal products. Drawing from recent studies in the new research field of water footprint assessment, it highlights some intriguing applications and delves into what is next on the exciting interdisciplinary research agenda. It acts as a guide for how to assess water footprints for individual processes and products, consumers, nations, and businesses. Due to the universal increase of domestic nh 3n discharge from most provinces in year 2011, the. The water footprint assessment manual water footprint network. It also includes methods for water footprint sustainability assessment and a library of water footprint response options. The water footprint of any animal product is larger than the water footprint of crop products with equivalent nutritional value.
It is useful to look into the spatiotemporal details of a companys water footprint, because details on where and when water is used can be used as input to a detailed water footprint sustainability assessment, to identify the environmental, social and economic impacts and to. Water indexed benefits and impacts of california almonds. The blue water footprint impact assessment was performed in the cotton production phase by following the methodology of the water footprint assessment manual hoekstra et al. The objective of the current paper is to provide such an assessment by quantifying the water footprint of farm animals and of the various derived animal products per country and per animal production system. For example, estimations of water use to produce 1 kg of beef range from 3 to 540 l of h 2 o or h 2 o equivalents for the life cycle assessment approach and from 10,000 to 200,000 l of h 2 o for the water footprint. The water footprint is an indicator of water use that looks at both direct and indirect water use of a consumer or producer. The water footprint of modern consumer society, the water footprint assessment manual, globalization of water. Water footprint water footprint is a measurement of the volume of water consumed or assimilation capacity used. A global assessment of the water footprint of farm animal. This year, ifc has made water efficiency one of the two core themes of its water strategy, and was recently part of a collaborative effort with the water footprint network wfn to publish the water footprint assessment manual.
The water footprint assessment manual setting the global. It usually includes three types of grey water footprint, namely agricultural grey water footprint, industrial grey water footprint and domestic grey water footprint. A comprehensive introduction to water footprints o 2011 arjen y. Lifecyclebased water footprint assessment of coalfired. State of the art 2009, published by the wfn in november 2009 hoekstra et al, 2009a. A complete and uptodate overview of the global standard on water footprint assessment available in four languages. The water footprint per gram of protein for milk, eggs and chicken meat is 1. Thats to say that a 100% adherence of the italian population to the proposed mediterranean diet from 2006 to 2011, would have allowed an estimated saving of about 152,749 million m 3 of water. The average water footprint per calorie for beef is 20 times larger than for cereals and starchy roots.
The functional unit was 1 kg of each coffee product. Indeed, reduction targets regarding water footprints wfs within catchments should be formulated on the basis of relative water scarcity per catchment, because local environmental impact of water use is generally. According to the water footprint assessment manual 39, the water footprints of the crop were estimated according to the food and agriculture organizations cropwat 8. The current manual is an updated, revised and expanded version of water footprint manual. The water footprint assessment manual uk education. Water footprint verification services cn tuv rheinland. Aug 17, 2012 the water footprint assessment manual 1. Verifying the calculation of the entire fresh water usage at specific locations and stages in the product life cycle, including the fresh water consumption, evapotranspiration and the impact of. This manual was developed by the water footprint network and it is the global standard for water footprint assessments. Additionally, it includes methods for water footprint. Comments off on water footprint assessment manual a shared standard on definitions and calculation methods is crucial given the rapidly growing interest in companies and governments to use water footprint accounts as a basis for formulating sustainable water strategies and policies. Indirect use refers to the virtual water embedded in tradable goods and commodities, such as cereals, sugar or cotton. We believe that this controversy is attributed to different goals and objectives of water footprint assessment. To help clarify waterenergy interdependencies in china, a lifecycle water footprint evaluation framework was developed based on the product lifecycle concept and water footprint assessment methods to assess coalfired power generation in china.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Water footprint of agricultural products aims in developing new strategies to overcome the water scarcity in agricultural sector and it helps in administering many effective rules for empowering a more proficient governance of water sources under climatic changes, industrial pollution and various other factors affecting the quality of water. As water footprint is a relatively recent concept, few studies have been published on the topic. Water footprint verification services wo tuv rheinland.
According to ridoutt and huang 1, environmental relevance must be taken into consideration if water footprints are to inform wise decision making and policy development. Water footprint assessment manual 2011 this manual was developed by the water footprint network and it is the global standard for water footprint assessments. Proceedings of the international expert meeting on virtual water trade, value of water research report series no. The accounting scheme shows the various balances that hold for the water footprint related to national consumption wf cons,nat, the water footprint within the area of the nation wf area,nat, the total virtual water export v e. The water footprint of the current italian dietary pattern is 69. The green, blue and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop products. The water footprint is the sum of the water used directly or indirectly to produce goods and services consumed by humanity. Complementarities of waterfocused life cycle assessment. Live area 159 x 240mm trim size 156 x 234mm bleed 18mm spine 24. The calculation of gwf mainly refers to the water footprint assessment manual. The water footprint of humanity by arjen hoekstra issuu.
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